Prostate cancer remains a significant concern for men, yet many uncertainties surround it. From hereditary risks to advanced treatment options, understanding this disease is crucial for early detection and effective management. Here, we address frequently asked questions about prostate cancer, offering clear and practical insights to empower men to take charge of their health.
Can you check for prostate cancer at home?
While there is no definitive way to self-check for prostate cancer at home, home PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test kits have gained popularity. These kits allow men to collect a small blood sample, which is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. Elevated PSA levels can indicate a need for further evaluation, though they are not exclusive to cancer and may result from benign conditions like an enlarged prostate or infections.
It’s important to treat home testing as a preliminary step. Abnormal results should always be followed up with a healthcare professional who may recommend additional diagnostic tools such as MRI scans or biopsies. Early intervention is key, and relying solely on at-home tests without professional consultation may lead to delayed treatment.
Is prostate cancer hereditary?
Yes, prostate cancer can be hereditary. Men with a family history of prostate cancer are at higher risk, particularly if a father or brother has been diagnosed. Additionally, a family history of certain cancers, such as breast cancer, may increase the likelihood due to shared genetic mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2.
Genetic predisposition doesn’t guarantee the development of prostate cancer, but it underscores the importance of proactive screening. Men with a family history should discuss their risks with a healthcare provider, who may recommend earlier and more frequent PSA testing to detect potential issues at an early stage.
What are the latest prostate cancer treatments?
Advancements in prostate cancer treatment continue to improve outcomes. Surgical techniques, such as robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy, offer precision and faster recovery. Robot-assisted surgery is the most successful worldwide, and the latest robot da Vinci Single Port – an advanced robot that requires only one incision instead of six – was pioneered in the UK by Santis Health, making us one of the first adopters of this technology in Europe.
Radiotherapy has also evolved considerably, with image-guided radiation delivering targeted doses to minimise side effects.
Focal therapy, an emerging option, targets only cancerous areas of the prostate while preserving healthy tissue. This approach reduces side effects compared to more invasive treatments, but recurrence rates remain a consideration. Approximately 20-30% of patients experience recurrence within a year, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring.
Where does prostate cancer typically spread to?
When prostate cancer spreads beyond the prostate, it commonly affects the bones and lymph nodes. Bone metastases can cause pain, fractures, and reduced mobility, while lymph node involvement may lead to swelling or impaired lymphatic drainage.
Symptoms of metastasis can include persistent bone pain, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. Early detection of metastatic cancer is essential for effective management. Advances in imaging, such as PSMA PET scans, have significantly improved the ability to detect and monitor cancer spread.
Does an enlarged prostate mean cancer?
An enlarged prostate doesn’t necessarily indicate cancer. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in older men, characterised by an enlarged prostate that may cause urinary symptoms such as frequent urination or weak flow. While BPH and prostate cancer can coexist, they are distinct conditions.
Elevated PSA levels often accompany BPH, but further tests, including MRI scans or biopsies, are necessary to differentiate between benign and malignant causes. Regular check-ups can help monitor any changes and address concerns promptly.
What is the best scan for prostate cancer?
MRI scans are considered the gold standard for diagnosing and staging prostate cancer. Multiparametric MRI provides detailed images of the prostate, helping to identify suspicious areas for targeted biopsy. This technology improves diagnostic accuracy and reduces unnecessary biopsies by focusing only on areas of concern.
For advanced cases, PSMA PET scans offer precise detection of metastatic spread, aiding in treatment planning. Choosing the appropriate imaging technique depends on the individual’s circumstances and the stage of cancer.
How often does prostate cancer return after surgery?
Recurrence rates for prostate cancer after surgery vary depending on factors such as the cancer’s stage and grade at diagnosis. On average, about 5% of patients experience recurrence within 10 years of surgery. Regular follow-ups, including PSA testing, are crucial for early detection of recurrence.
If cancer returns, options like radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or newer treatments such as immunotherapy can be effective. A personalised approach ensures that recurrence is managed effectively while maintaining quality of life.
Is erectile dysfunction a sign of prostate cancer?
Erectile dysfunction (ED) can be a symptom of prostate cancer, but it is more commonly associated with other conditions, such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Cancer-related ED may occur due to nerve involvement by the tumour or as a side effect of treatments like surgery or radiation.
Men experiencing ED should consult a healthcare provider for a thorough evaluation to determine the underlying cause. Addressing ED early can provide reassurance and guide appropriate interventions.
How often should a man get his prostate checked in the UK?
In the UK, it’s generally recommended that men over 50 have annual prostate checks. Those at higher risk, including black men and individuals with a family history of prostate cancer, should consider starting screenings earlier, around age 45.
Screenings typically involve PSA testing and, if needed, further diagnostic procedures such as MRI scans. Regular checks are vital for early detection, improving the chances of successful treatment and long-term health.
Stay informed, stay healthy
Prostate cancer is a complex disease, but knowledge and proactive care can make a significant difference. Regular screenings, awareness of hereditary risks, and understanding treatment options empower men to take control of their health. If you have concerns about prostate cancer, consult a healthcare provider to discuss screening options, speak to us or seek support from organisations like Prostate Cancer UK. Remember, early detection saves lives, and staying informed is the first step toward better outcomes.
For any further advice or to book an appointment, please contact Santis Health today.
Wondering what happens after a diagnosis? Read our guide on What to Expect After a Prostate Cancer Diagnosis for an in-depth look at treatment options, screening, and emotional support.