Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, but research increasingly suggests that diet and lifestyle choices can play a significant role in both reducing risk and supporting treatment outcomes. While no single diet can cure prostate cancer, evidence shows that nutrition can influence cancer progression and recovery. By adopting a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats while minimising processed foods and saturated fats, men can take proactive steps toward better prostate health.
The link between prostate cancer and diet
Scientific studies highlight that diet impacts prostate cancer in multiple ways. Chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances, and oxidative stress are known contributors to cancer progression. Certain foods have been shown to either exacerbate or mitigate these effects, making dietary choices an essential factor in managing prostate cancer risk.
How diet influences prostate cancer
Inflammation and cancer growth: Diets high in processed foods, unhealthy fats, and added sugars can contribute to chronic inflammation, which creates an environment conducive to cancer growth. Conversely, anti-inflammatory foods such as fruits, vegetables, and omega-3-rich fish can help combat this process.
Hormonal impact: Some foods, especially those high in saturated fats and dairy, may increase levels of hormones such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), which has been linked to prostate cancer progression. On the other hand, plant-based foods, rich in phytonutrients, can help regulate hormone levels and reduce risks.
Antioxidants and cellular protection: Antioxidant-rich foods help neutralise free radicals that damage DNA and promote cancer development. Lycopene in tomatoes, flavonoids in berries, and sulforaphane in cruciferous vegetables (such as such as cauliflower, cabbage, kale, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts) are powerful agents in reducing oxidative stress.
Common myths and facts
Does diet affect prostate cancer? Yes, numerous studies suggest that dietary patterns play a crucial role in the likelihood of developing and managing prostate cancer. A well-balanced diet can potentially slow progression and improve treatment outcomes.
Carnivore diet and prostate cancer: Although some proponents claim that a meat-heavy, low-carb diet reduces cancer risk, most studies indicate that excessive red and processed meat consumption increase inflammation and elevate hormone levels that may promote cancer growth. A diet emphasising plant-based foods is generally more beneficial.
Keto diet for prostate cancer: The ketogenic diet, which is low in carbohydrates and high in fats, has been explored for its potential to limit cancer cell growth by reducing glucose availability. While some research supports its short-term benefits, concerns remain about its long-term effects on hormone regulation and cardiovascular health. It is best followed under strict medical supervision.
Best foods for a prostate cancer diet
A well-balanced prostate cancer diet menu should focus on nutrient-dense, anti-inflammatory foods that support overall health and recovery.
Fruits and vegetables
Tomatoes: Rich in lycopene, a powerful antioxidant linked to reduced prostate cancer risk. Lycopene becomes more bioavailable when tomatoes are cooked, making tomato sauces and soups excellent choices.
Cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, kale, cabbage): These contain sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, compounds that help detoxify the body, support hormone balance, and lower inflammation. Studies suggest that regular consumption of cruciferous vegetables may slow prostate cancer progression.
Berries (blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries): High in antioxidants such as flavonoids and anthocyanins, which combat oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially reducing cancer cell growth.
Pomegranates: Rich in polyphenols and ellagic acid, pomegranates have been shown to slow the progression of prostate cancer in some studies.
Healthy fats
Olive oil: A heart-healthy fat that reduces inflammation and contains antioxidants such as oleocanthal, which has anti-cancer properties.
Nuts (almonds, walnuts, Brazil nuts): Provide omega-3 fatty acids, fibre, and selenium (especially in Brazil nuts), which supports prostate health and may help reduce cancer risk.
Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines, trout): Rich in omega-3s, which have anti-inflammatory properties and may help slow cancer cell growth.
Avocados: A great source of monounsaturated fats, fibre, and vitamin E, which has been linked to prostate health benefits.
Lean proteins
Plant-based proteins (legumes, beans, lentils, tofu, tempeh, chickpeas): Provide essential amino acids without the harmful effects of red meat.
Poultry and fish: Preferred over red and processed meats, as they do not contribute to inflammation or excessive hormone production.
Eggs (in moderation): A good protein source but should be consumed in moderation, as some research suggests that excessive intake of choline (found in eggs) may influence prostate cancer progression.
Whole grains and fibre
Brown rice, quinoa, whole wheat bread, oats, barley, and legumes: Help regulate digestion, support gut health, and may lower inflammation. Fibre aids in detoxification and helps maintain a healthy gut microbiome, which is crucial for immune function.
Recipes for prostate health
Recipe 1: Prostate health smoothie
- 1 cup of unsweetened almond milk
- 1/2 cup of blueberries
- 1/2 banana
- 1 tablespoon flaxseeds (rich in lignans, which may help regulate hormone levels)
- 1 handful of spinach (high in fibre, antioxidants, and folate)
- 1 teaspoon turmeric (has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties)
- Blend until smooth and enjoy!
Recipe 2: Anti-inflammatory quinoa salad
- 1 cup cooked quinoa
- 1/2 cup cherry tomatoes, halved
- 1/4 cup chopped walnuts (rich in omega-3s)
- 1/4 cup diced avocado
- 1 tablespoon olive oil
- 1 tablespoon lemon juice
- 1 teaspoon turmeric
- Salt and pepper to taste
- Mix all ingredients and serve fresh.
Recipe 3: Omega-3 packed salmon bowl
- 1 salmon fillet (grilled or baked)
- 1/2 cup steamed broccoli
- 1/2 cup brown rice
- 1 tablespoon flaxseeds
- 1 teaspoon olive oil
- Squeeze of lemon juice
- Serve together in a bowl for a nutrient-rich meal.
Diet considerations for different stages of prostate cancer
Diet during radiation for prostate cancer
Radiation therapy can cause side effects such as digestive issues and fatigue.
- Hydration: Drinking at least 8-10 glasses of water daily helps maintain electrolyte balance, supports kidney function, and minimises dehydration caused by treatment.
- Gut-friendly foods: Probiotic-rich foods like yoghurt, kefir, and fermented vegetables help maintain a healthy gut microbiome. High-fibre options like oats, chia seeds, and flaxseeds support digestion and ease radiation-induced gastrointestinal discomfort.
- Anti-nausea foods: Fresh ginger tea, peppermint tea, and light, easily digestible meals such as plain rice, bananas, and steamed vegetables can alleviate nausea.
- Avoiding gas-producing foods: Limiting beans, carbonated drinks, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts can help prevent bloating and discomfort.
Diet after prostate cancer surgery
Proper nutrition can support healing and recovery after prostate surgery.
- Lean proteins and anti-inflammatory fats: Consuming skinless poultry, fatty fish, and plant-based proteins provides essential amino acids and omega-3s, which promote tissue repair and reduce inflammation.
- Hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids, including water and herbal teas, prevents constipation, aids in wound healing, and flushes out toxins post-surgery.
- High-fibre foods and probiotics: Incorporating whole grains, fibre-rich fruits (such as apples and pears), and probiotic foods like kimchi and sauerkraut can help manage bowel changes and restore gut flora balance.
- Small, balanced meals: Eating smaller, nutrient-dense meals more frequently throughout the day can prevent digestive distress and improve nutrient absorption.
Make the healthy choice for your future
While no diet can guarantee the prevention or cure of prostate cancer, adopting a diet high in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats while avoiding processed foods and excess sugar can support prostate health. For a tailored nutrition plan, consulting a healthcare provider is always highly recommended.
If you’ve been diagnosed with prostate cancer and are considering surgery, contact Santis Health today to learn more about your options and speak with our expert team.